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diff --git a/html/en/representation.html b/html/en/representation.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ae5394 --- /dev/null +++ b/html/en/representation.html @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +<html> + +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"> +<title>Representation</title> +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style.css"> +</head> + +<body> + +<h1>Image Representation Overview</h1> +<h3>Width and Height</h3> + + <p>In the IM library images are 2D matrices of pixels defining <b>width</b> and <b>height</b>. Stacks, Animations, + Videos and Volumes are represented as a sequence of individual images. </p> + +<h3>Color Space</h3> + + <p>The pixels can have one of several <b>color spaces</b>: </p> + <ul> + <li><b>IM_RGB</b></li> + <li><b>IM_MAP</b></li> + <li><b>IM_GRAY</b></li> + <li><b>IM_BINARY</b></li> + <li><b>IM_CMYK</b></li> + <li><b>IM_YCBCR</b></li> + <li><b>IM_LAB</b></li> + <li><b>IM_LUV</b></li> + <li><b>IM_XYZ</b> . </li> + </ul> + <p><b>IM_MAP</b> is a subset of the <b>IM_RGB</b> color space. It can have a maximum of 256 colors. Each + value is an index into a RGB palette.</p> + <p><b>IM_GRAY</b> usually means luma (nonlinear Luminance), but it can represent any other intensity value that + is not necessarily related to color.</p> + <p><b>IM_BINARY</b> is a subset of the <b>IM_GRAY</b> color space, and it has only 2 colors black and + white. Each value can be 0 or 1. But for pratical reasons we use one byte to store it.</p> + <p>The other color spaces are standard CIE color spaces, except CMYK that does not have a clear definition without + other parameters to complement it.</p> + +<h3>Data Type</h3> + + <p>There are several numeric representations for the color component, or several <b>data types</b>:</p> + <ul> + <li><b>IM_BYTE</b></li> + <li><b>IM_USHORT</b></li> + <li><b>IM_INT</b></li> + <li><b>IM_FLOAT</b></li> + <li><b>IM_CFLOAT</b>. </li> + </ul> + <p>There is no bit type, binary images use 1 byte (waist space but keep processing simple).</p> + +<h3>Color Mode Flags</h3> + + <p>To avoid defining another image parameter we also use a parameter called <b>color_mode</b> that it is composed by + the <b>color_space</b> plus some <b>flags</b>, i.e. <b>color_mode = color_space + flags</b>. The flags are binary + combined with the color space, for example color_mode = IM_RGB | IM_XXX. And several flags can be combined in the same + color_mode. </p> + <p>There are 3 flags:</p> + <ul> + <li><b>IM_ALPHA</b></li> + <li><b>IM_PACKED</b></li> + <li><b>IM_TOPDOWN</b></li> + </ul> + <p>When a flag is absent the opposite definition is assumed. For simplicity we define some macros that help handling + the color mode:</p> + <ul> + <li><b>imColorModeSpace</b></li> + <li><b>imColorModeHasAlpha</b></li> + <li><b>imColorModeIsPacked</b></li> + <li><b>imColorModeIsTopDown</b></li> + </ul> + <h4>Color Components Packaging (<b>IM_PACKED or unpacked)</b></h4> + + <p>The number of components of the color space defines the depth of the image. The color components can be packed + sequentially in one plane (like rgbrgbrgb...) or separated in several planes (like rrr...ggg...bbb...). Packed color + components are normally used by graphics systems. We allow these two options because many users define their own + image structure that can have a packed or an separated organization. The following picture illustrates the + difference between the two options:</p> + + <p align="center"><img border="0" src="paking.gif" width="626" height="232"><br> + <b>(flag not defined) + IM_PACKED</b></p> + <p align="center"><b>Separated and Packed RGB Components</b></p> + <h4>Alpha Channel (<b>IM_ALPHA or no alpha</b>)</h4> + + <p>An extra component, the <b>alpha</b> channel, may be present. The number of components is then increased by one. + Its organization follows the rules of packed and unpacked components.</p> + + <h4>Orientation (<b>IM_TOPDOWN or bottom up)</b></h4> + + <p>Image orientation can be bottom up to top with the origin at the bottom left corner, or top down to bottom with + the origin at the top left corner. </p> + + <p align="center"><img border="0" src="topdown.gif" width="538" height="280"></p> + <p align="center"><b>IM_TOPDOWN</b> <b> + (flag not defined)</b></p> + <p align="center"><b>Top Down and Bottom Up Orientations</b></p> + <h4>Examples</h4> + + <p><b>IM_RGB</b> | <b>IM_ALPHA</b> - rgb color space with an alpha channel, bottom up orientation and + separated components<br> + <b>IM_GRAY</b> | <b>IM_TOPDOWN</b> - gray color space with no alpha channel and top down orientation<br> + <b>IM_RGB</b> | <b>IM_ALPHA</b> | <b>IM_PACKED</b> - rgb color space with an alpha channel, bottom + up orientation and packed components</p> + + +<h3>Raw Data Buffer</h3> + + <p>So these four parameters define our raw image data: <b>width</b>, <b>height</b>, <b>color_mode</b> and <b>data_type</b>. + The raw data buffer is always byte aligned and each component is stored sequentially in the buffer following the + specified packing. </p> + <p>For example, if a RGB image is 4x4 pixels it will have the following organization in memory:</p> + + <pre><b>RRRR</b>RRRR<b>RRRR</b>RRRR<b>GGGG</b>GGGG<b>GGGG</b>GGGG<b>BBBB</b>BBBB<b>BBBB</b>BBBB - for non packed components +0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3</pre> + <pre><b>RGBRGBRGBRGB</b>RGBRGBRGBRGB<b>RGBRGBRGBRGB</b>RGBRGBRGBRGB - for packed components +0 1 2 3</pre> + + <p>In bold we visualy marked some lines of data.</p> + +<hr> +<h3>imImage</h3> + + <p>We could restrict the data organization by eliminating the extra flags, but several users requested these features + in the library. So we keep them but restricted to raw data buffers. </p> + <p>For the high level image processing functions we created a structure called <b>imImage</b> that eliminates the + extra flags and assume <u>bottom up orientation</u> and <u>separated components</u>. Alpha channel is supported as an + extra component.</p> + <p>The <b>imImage</b> structure is defined using four image parameters: <b>width</b>, <b>height</b>, <b>color_space</b> + and <b>data_type</b>. It is an open structure in C where you can access all the parameters. In addition to the 4 + creation parameters there are many auxiliary parameters like <b>depth</b>, <b>count</b>, <b>line_size</b>, <b> + plane_size</b> and <b>size</b>. </p> + + +</body> + +</html> |