path: root/ev.c

/*
 * libev event processing core, watcher management
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Marc Alexander Lehmann <libev@schmorp.de>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *       with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#ifndef EV_STANDALONE
# ifdef EV_CONFIG_H
#  include EV_CONFIG_H
# else
#  include "config.h"
# endif

# if HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
#  ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
#   define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 1
#  endif
#  ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
#   define EV_USE_REALTIME  1
#  endif
# else
#  ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
#   define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
#  endif
#  ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
#   define EV_USE_REALTIME  0
#  endif
# endif

# ifndef EV_USE_SELECT
#  if HAVE_SELECT && HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#   define EV_USE_SELECT 1
#  else
#   define EV_USE_SELECT 0
#  endif
# endif

# ifndef EV_USE_POLL
#  if HAVE_POLL && HAVE_POLL_H
#   define EV_USE_POLL 1
#  else
#   define EV_USE_POLL 0
#  endif
# endif
   
# ifndef EV_USE_EPOLL
#  if HAVE_EPOLL_CTL && HAVE_SYS_EPOLL_H
#   define EV_USE_EPOLL 1
#  else
#   define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
#  endif
# endif
   
# ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
#  if HAVE_KQUEUE && HAVE_SYS_EVENT_H && HAVE_SYS_QUEUE_H
#   define EV_USE_KQUEUE 1
#  else
#   define EV_USE_KQUEUE 0
#  endif
# endif
   
# ifndef EV_USE_PORT
#  if HAVE_PORT_H && HAVE_PORT_CREATE
#   define EV_USE_PORT 1
#  else
#   define EV_USE_PORT 0
#  endif
# endif

# ifndef EV_USE_INOTIFY
#  if HAVE_INOTIFY_INIT && HAVE_SYS_INOTIFY_H
#   define EV_USE_INOTIFY 1
#  else
#   define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
#  endif
# endif

#endif

#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stddef.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>

#include <signal.h>

#ifdef EV_H
# include EV_H
#else
# include "ev.h"
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32
# include <sys/time.h>
# include <sys/wait.h>
# include <unistd.h>
#else
# define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
# include <windows.h>
# ifndef EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
#  define EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET 1
# endif
#endif

/**/

#ifndef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
# define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_REALTIME
# define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_SELECT
# define EV_USE_SELECT 1
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_POLL
# ifdef _WIN32
#  define EV_USE_POLL 0
# else
#  define EV_USE_POLL 1
# endif
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_EPOLL
# define EV_USE_EPOLL 0
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_KQUEUE
# define EV_USE_KQUEUE 0
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_PORT
# define EV_USE_PORT 0
#endif

#ifndef EV_USE_INOTIFY
# define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
#endif

#ifndef EV_PID_HASHSIZE
# if EV_MINIMAL
#  define EV_PID_HASHSIZE 1
# else
#  define EV_PID_HASHSIZE 16
# endif
#endif

#ifndef EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE
# if EV_MINIMAL
#  define EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE 1
# else
#  define EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE 16
# endif
#endif

/**/

#ifndef CLOCK_MONOTONIC
# undef EV_USE_MONOTONIC
# define EV_USE_MONOTONIC 0
#endif

#ifndef CLOCK_REALTIME
# undef EV_USE_REALTIME
# define EV_USE_REALTIME 0
#endif

#if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
# include <winsock.h>
#endif

#if !EV_STAT_ENABLE
# define EV_USE_INOTIFY 0
#endif

#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
# include <sys/inotify.h>
#endif

/**/

#define MIN_TIMEJUMP  1. /* minimum timejump that gets detected (if monotonic clock available) */
#define MAX_BLOCKTIME 59.743 /* never wait longer than this time (to detect time jumps) */
/*#define CLEANUP_INTERVAL (MAX_BLOCKTIME * 5.) /* how often to try to free memory and re-check fds */

#if __GNUC__ >= 3
# define expect(expr,value)         __builtin_expect ((expr),(value))
# define inline_size                static inline /* inline for codesize */
# if EV_MINIMAL
#  define noinline                  __attribute__ ((noinline))
#  define inline_speed              static noinline
# else
#  define noinline
#  define inline_speed              static inline
# endif
#else
# define expect(expr,value)         (expr)
# define inline_speed               static
# define inline_size                static
# define noinline
#endif

#define expect_false(expr) expect ((expr) != 0, 0)
#define expect_true(expr)  expect ((expr) != 0, 1)

#define NUMPRI    (EV_MAXPRI - EV_MINPRI + 1)
#define ABSPRI(w) ((w)->priority - EV_MINPRI)

#define EMPTY0      /* required for microsofts broken pseudo-c compiler */
#define EMPTY2(a,b) /* used to suppress some warnings */

typedef ev_watcher *W;
typedef ev_watcher_list *WL;
typedef ev_watcher_time *WT;

static int have_monotonic; /* did clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) work? */

#ifdef _WIN32
# include "ev_win32.c"
#endif

/*****************************************************************************/

static void (*syserr_cb)(const char *msg);

void
ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg))
{
  syserr_cb = cb;
}

static void noinline
syserr (const char *msg)
{
  if (!msg)
    msg = "(libev) system error";

  if (syserr_cb)
    syserr_cb (msg);
  else
    {
      perror (msg);
      abort ();
    }
}

static void *(*alloc)(void *ptr, long size);

void
ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))
{
  alloc = cb;
}

inline_speed void *
ev_realloc (void *ptr, long size)
{
  ptr = alloc ? alloc (ptr, size) : realloc (ptr, size);

  if (!ptr && size)
    {
      fprintf (stderr, "libev: cannot allocate %ld bytes, aborting.", size);
      abort ();
    }

  return ptr;
}

#define ev_malloc(size) ev_realloc (0, (size))
#define ev_free(ptr)    ev_realloc ((ptr), 0)

/*****************************************************************************/

typedef struct
{
  WL head;
  unsigned char events;
  unsigned char reify;
#if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
  SOCKET handle;
#endif
} ANFD;

typedef struct
{
  W w;
  int events;
} ANPENDING;

#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
typedef struct
{
  WL head;
} ANFS;
#endif

#if EV_MULTIPLICITY

  struct ev_loop
  {
    ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;
    #define ev_rt_now ((loop)->ev_rt_now)
    #define VAR(name,decl) decl;
      #include "ev_vars.h"
    #undef VAR
  };
  #include "ev_wrap.h"

  static struct ev_loop default_loop_struct;
  struct ev_loop *ev_default_loop_ptr;

#else

  ev_tstamp ev_rt_now;
  #define VAR(name,decl) static decl;
    #include "ev_vars.h"
  #undef VAR

  static int ev_default_loop_ptr;

#endif

/*****************************************************************************/

ev_tstamp
ev_time (void)
{
#if EV_USE_REALTIME
  struct timespec ts;
  clock_gettime (CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
  return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
#else
  struct timeval tv;
  gettimeofday (&tv, 0);
  return tv.tv_sec + tv.tv_usec * 1e-6;
#endif
}

ev_tstamp inline_size
get_clock (void)
{
#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
  if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
    {
      struct timespec ts;
      clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
      return ts.tv_sec + ts.tv_nsec * 1e-9;
    }
#endif

  return ev_time ();
}

#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
ev_tstamp
ev_now (EV_P)
{
  return ev_rt_now;
}
#endif

int inline_size
array_nextsize (int elem, int cur, int cnt)
{
  int ncur = cur + 1;

  do
    ncur <<= 1;
  while (cnt > ncur);

  /* if size > 4096, round to 4096 - 4 * longs to accomodate malloc overhead */
  if (elem * ncur > 4096)
    {
      ncur *= elem;
      ncur = (ncur + elem + 4095 + sizeof (void *) * 4) & ~4095;
      ncur = ncur - sizeof (void *) * 4;
      ncur /= elem;
    }

  return ncur;
}

inline_speed void *
array_realloc (int elem, void *base, int *cur, int cnt)
{
  *cur = array_nextsize (elem, *cur, cnt);
  return ev_realloc (base, elem * *cur);
}

#define array_needsize(type,base,cur,cnt,init)			\
  if (expect_false ((cnt) > (cur)))				\
    {								\
      int ocur_ = (cur);					\
      (base) = (type *)array_realloc				\
         (sizeof (type), (base), &(cur), (cnt));		\
      init ((base) + (ocur_), (cur) - ocur_);			\
    }

#if 0
#define array_slim(type,stem)					\
  if (stem ## max < array_roundsize (stem ## cnt >> 2))		\
    {								\
      stem ## max = array_roundsize (stem ## cnt >> 1);		\
      base = (type *)ev_realloc (base, sizeof (type) * (stem ## max));\
      fprintf (stderr, "slimmed down " # stem " to %d\n", stem ## max);/*D*/\
    }
#endif

#define array_free(stem, idx) \
  ev_free (stem ## s idx); stem ## cnt idx = stem ## max idx = 0;

/*****************************************************************************/

void noinline
ev_feed_event (EV_P_ void *w, int revents)
{
  W w_ = (W)w;

  if (expect_false (w_->pending))
    {
      pendings [ABSPRI (w_)][w_->pending - 1].events |= revents;
      return;
    }

  w_->pending = ++pendingcnt [ABSPRI (w_)];
  array_needsize (ANPENDING, pendings [ABSPRI (w_)], pendingmax [ABSPRI (w_)], pendingcnt [ABSPRI (w_)], EMPTY2);
  pendings [ABSPRI (w_)][w_->pending - 1].w      = w_;
  pendings [ABSPRI (w_)][w_->pending - 1].events = revents;
}

void inline_size
queue_events (EV_P_ W *events, int eventcnt, int type)
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < eventcnt; ++i)
    ev_feed_event (EV_A_ events [i], type);
}

/*****************************************************************************/

void inline_size
anfds_init (ANFD *base, int count)
{
  while (count--)
    {
      base->head   = 0;
      base->events = EV_NONE;
      base->reify  = 0;

      ++base;
    }
}

void inline_speed
fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
{
  ANFD *anfd = anfds + fd;
  ev_io *w;

  for (w = (ev_io *)anfd->head; w; w = (ev_io *)((WL)w)->next)
    {
      int ev = w->events & revents;

      if (ev)
        ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, ev);
    }
}

void
ev_feed_fd_event (EV_P_ int fd, int revents)
{
  fd_event (EV_A_ fd, revents);
}

void inline_size
fd_reify (EV_P)
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < fdchangecnt; ++i)
    {
      int fd = fdchanges [i];
      ANFD *anfd = anfds + fd;
      ev_io *w;

      int events = 0;

      for (w = (ev_io *)anfd->head; w; w = (ev_io *)((WL)w)->next)
        events |= w->events;

#if EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET
      if (events)
        {
          unsigned long argp;
          anfd->handle = _get_osfhandle (fd);
          assert (("libev only supports socket fds in this configuration", ioctlsocket (anfd->handle, FIONREAD, &argp) == 0));
        }
#endif

      anfd->reify = 0;

      backend_modify (EV_A_ fd, anfd->events, events);
      anfd->events = events;
    }

  fdchangecnt = 0;
}

void inline_size
fd_change (EV_P_ int fd)
{
  if (expect_false (anfds [fd].reify))
    return;

  anfds [fd].reify = 1;

  ++fdchangecnt;
  array_needsize (int, fdchanges, fdchangemax, fdchangecnt, EMPTY2);
  fdchanges [fdchangecnt - 1] = fd;
}

void inline_speed
fd_kill (EV_P_ int fd)
{
  ev_io *w;

  while ((w = (ev_io *)anfds [fd].head))
    {
      ev_io_stop (EV_A_ w);
      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE);
    }
}

int inline_size
fd_valid (int fd)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
  return _get_osfhandle (fd) != -1;
#else
  return fcntl (fd, F_GETFD) != -1;
#endif
}

/* called on EBADF to verify fds */
static void noinline
fd_ebadf (EV_P)
{
  int fd;

  for (fd = 0; fd < anfdmax; ++fd)
    if (anfds [fd].events)
      if (!fd_valid (fd) == -1 && errno == EBADF)
        fd_kill (EV_A_ fd);
}

/* called on ENOMEM in select/poll to kill some fds and retry */
static void noinline
fd_enomem (EV_P)
{
  int fd;

  for (fd = anfdmax; fd--; )
    if (anfds [fd].events)
      {
        fd_kill (EV_A_ fd);
        return;
      }
}

/* usually called after fork if backend needs to re-arm all fds from scratch */
static void noinline
fd_rearm_all (EV_P)
{
  int fd;

  for (fd = 0; fd < anfdmax; ++fd)
    if (anfds [fd].events)
      {
        anfds [fd].events = 0;
        fd_change (EV_A_ fd);
      }
}

/*****************************************************************************/

void inline_speed
upheap (WT *heap, int k)
{
  WT w = heap [k];

  while (k && heap [k >> 1]->at > w->at)
    {
      heap [k] = heap [k >> 1];
      ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
      k >>= 1;
    }

  heap [k] = w;
  ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;

}

void inline_speed
downheap (WT *heap, int N, int k)
{
  WT w = heap [k];

  while (k < (N >> 1))
    {
      int j = k << 1;

      if (j + 1 < N && heap [j]->at > heap [j + 1]->at)
        ++j;

      if (w->at <= heap [j]->at)
        break;

      heap [k] = heap [j];
      ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
      k = j;
    }

  heap [k] = w;
  ((W)heap [k])->active = k + 1;
}

void inline_size
adjustheap (WT *heap, int N, int k)
{
  upheap (heap, k);
  downheap (heap, N, k);
}

/*****************************************************************************/

typedef struct
{
  WL head;
  sig_atomic_t volatile gotsig;
} ANSIG;

static ANSIG *signals;
static int signalmax;

static int sigpipe [2];
static sig_atomic_t volatile gotsig;
static ev_io sigev;

void inline_size
signals_init (ANSIG *base, int count)
{
  while (count--)
    {
      base->head   = 0;
      base->gotsig = 0;

      ++base;
    }
}

static void
sighandler (int signum)
{
#if _WIN32
  signal (signum, sighandler);
#endif

  signals [signum - 1].gotsig = 1;

  if (!gotsig)
    {
      int old_errno = errno;
      gotsig = 1;
      write (sigpipe [1], &signum, 1);
      errno = old_errno;
    }
}

void noinline
ev_feed_signal_event (EV_P_ int signum)
{
  WL w;

#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
  assert (("feeding signal events is only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
#endif

  --signum;

  if (signum < 0 || signum >= signalmax)
    return;

  signals [signum].gotsig = 0;

  for (w = signals [signum].head; w; w = w->next)
    ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_SIGNAL);
}

static void
sigcb (EV_P_ ev_io *iow, int revents)
{
  int signum;

  read (sigpipe [0], &revents, 1);
  gotsig = 0;

  for (signum = signalmax; signum--; )
    if (signals [signum].gotsig)
      ev_feed_signal_event (EV_A_ signum + 1);
}

void inline_size
fd_intern (int fd)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
  int arg = 1;
  ioctlsocket (_get_osfhandle (fd), FIONBIO, &arg);
#else
  fcntl (fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
  fcntl (fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
#endif
}

static void noinline
siginit (EV_P)
{
  fd_intern (sigpipe [0]);
  fd_intern (sigpipe [1]);

  ev_io_set (&sigev, sigpipe [0], EV_READ);
  ev_io_start (EV_A_ &sigev);
  ev_unref (EV_A); /* child watcher should not keep loop alive */
}

/*****************************************************************************/

static ev_child *childs [EV_PID_HASHSIZE];

#ifndef _WIN32

static ev_signal childev;

void inline_speed
child_reap (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int chain, int pid, int status)
{
  ev_child *w;

  for (w = (ev_child *)childs [chain & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)]; w; w = (ev_child *)((WL)w)->next)
    if (w->pid == pid || !w->pid)
      {
        ev_priority (w) = ev_priority (sw); /* need to do it *now* */
        w->rpid         = pid;
        w->rstatus      = status;
        ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_CHILD);
      }
}

#ifndef WCONTINUED
# define WCONTINUED 0
#endif

static void
childcb (EV_P_ ev_signal *sw, int revents)
{
  int pid, status;

  /* some systems define WCONTINUED but then fail to support it (linux 2.4) */
  if (0 >= (pid = waitpid (-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED | WCONTINUED)))
    if (!WCONTINUED
        || errno != EINVAL
        || 0 >= (pid = waitpid (-1, &status, WNOHANG | WUNTRACED)))
      return;

  /* make sure we are called again until all childs have been reaped */
  /* we need to do it this way so that the callback gets called before we continue */
  ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)sw, EV_SIGNAL);

  child_reap (EV_A_ sw, pid, pid, status);
  if (EV_PID_HASHSIZE > 1)
    child_reap (EV_A_ sw, 0, pid, status); /* this might trigger a watcher twice, but feed_event catches that */
}

#endif

/*****************************************************************************/

#if EV_USE_PORT
# include "ev_port.c"
#endif
#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
# include "ev_kqueue.c"
#endif
#if EV_USE_EPOLL
# include "ev_epoll.c"
#endif
#if EV_USE_POLL
# include "ev_poll.c"
#endif
#if EV_USE_SELECT
# include "ev_select.c"
#endif

int
ev_version_major (void)
{
  return EV_VERSION_MAJOR;
}

int
ev_version_minor (void)
{
  return EV_VERSION_MINOR;
}

/* return true if we are running with elevated privileges and should ignore env variables */
int inline_size
enable_secure (void)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
  return 0;
#else
  return getuid () != geteuid ()
      || getgid () != getegid ();
#endif
}

unsigned int
ev_supported_backends (void)
{
  unsigned int flags = 0;

  if (EV_USE_PORT  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_PORT;
  if (EV_USE_KQUEUE) flags |= EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
  if (EV_USE_EPOLL ) flags |= EVBACKEND_EPOLL;
  if (EV_USE_POLL  ) flags |= EVBACKEND_POLL;
  if (EV_USE_SELECT) flags |= EVBACKEND_SELECT;
  
  return flags;
}

unsigned int
ev_recommended_backends (void)
{
  unsigned int flags = ev_supported_backends ();

#ifndef __NetBSD__
  /* kqueue is borked on everything but netbsd apparently */
  /* it usually doesn't work correctly on anything but sockets and pipes */
  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE;
#endif
#ifdef __APPLE__
  // flags &= ~EVBACKEND_KQUEUE; for documentation
  flags &= ~EVBACKEND_POLL;
#endif

  return flags;
}

unsigned int
ev_embeddable_backends (void)
{
  return EVBACKEND_EPOLL
       | EVBACKEND_KQUEUE
       | EVBACKEND_PORT;
}

unsigned int
ev_backend (EV_P)
{
  return backend;
}

unsigned int
ev_loop_count (EV_P)
{
  return loop_count;
}

static void noinline
loop_init (EV_P_ unsigned int flags)
{
  if (!backend)
    {
#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
      {
        struct timespec ts;
        if (!clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts))
          have_monotonic = 1;
      }
#endif

      ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
      mn_now    = get_clock ();
      now_floor = mn_now;
      rtmn_diff = ev_rt_now - mn_now;

      /* pid check not overridable via env */
#ifndef _WIN32
      if (flags & EVFLAG_FORKCHECK)
        curpid = getpid ();
#endif

      if (!(flags & EVFLAG_NOENV)
          && !enable_secure ()
          && getenv ("LIBEV_FLAGS"))
        flags = atoi (getenv ("LIBEV_FLAGS"));

      if (!(flags & 0x0000ffffUL))
        flags |= ev_recommended_backends ();

      backend = 0;
      backend_fd = -1;
#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
      fs_fd = -2;
#endif

#if EV_USE_PORT
      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_PORT  )) backend = port_init   (EV_A_ flags);
#endif
#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) backend = kqueue_init (EV_A_ flags);
#endif
#if EV_USE_EPOLL
      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_EPOLL )) backend = epoll_init  (EV_A_ flags);
#endif
#if EV_USE_POLL
      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_POLL  )) backend = poll_init   (EV_A_ flags);
#endif
#if EV_USE_SELECT
      if (!backend && (flags & EVBACKEND_SELECT)) backend = select_init (EV_A_ flags);
#endif

      ev_init (&sigev, sigcb);
      ev_set_priority (&sigev, EV_MAXPRI);
    }
}

static void noinline
loop_destroy (EV_P)
{
  int i;

#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
  if (fs_fd >= 0)
    close (fs_fd);
#endif

  if (backend_fd >= 0)
    close (backend_fd);

#if EV_USE_PORT
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_destroy   (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_destroy (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_EPOLL
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_destroy  (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_POLL
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_POLL  ) poll_destroy   (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_SELECT
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_SELECT) select_destroy (EV_A);
#endif

  for (i = NUMPRI; i--; )
    array_free (pending, [i]);

  /* have to use the microsoft-never-gets-it-right macro */
  array_free (fdchange, EMPTY0);
  array_free (timer, EMPTY0);
#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
  array_free (periodic, EMPTY0);
#endif
  array_free (idle, EMPTY0);
  array_free (prepare, EMPTY0);
  array_free (check, EMPTY0);

  backend = 0;
}

void inline_size infy_fork (EV_P);

void inline_size
loop_fork (EV_P)
{
#if EV_USE_PORT
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_PORT  ) port_fork   (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_KQUEUE
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) kqueue_fork (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_EPOLL
  if (backend == EVBACKEND_EPOLL ) epoll_fork  (EV_A);
#endif
#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
  infy_fork (EV_A);
#endif

  if (ev_is_active (&sigev))
    {
      /* default loop */

      ev_ref (EV_A);
      ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &sigev);
      close (sigpipe [0]);
      close (sigpipe [1]);

      while (pipe (sigpipe))
        syserr ("(libev) error creating pipe");

      siginit (EV_A);
    }

  postfork = 0;
}

#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
struct ev_loop *
ev_loop_new (unsigned int flags)
{
  struct ev_loop *loop = (struct ev_loop *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_loop));

  memset (loop, 0, sizeof (struct ev_loop));

  loop_init (EV_A_ flags);

  if (ev_backend (EV_A))
    return loop;

  return 0;
}

void
ev_loop_destroy (EV_P)
{
  loop_destroy (EV_A);
  ev_free (loop);
}

void
ev_loop_fork (EV_P)
{
  postfork = 1;
}

#endif

#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
struct ev_loop *
ev_default_loop_init (unsigned int flags)
#else
int
ev_default_loop (unsigned int flags)
#endif
{
  if (sigpipe [0] == sigpipe [1])
    if (pipe (sigpipe))
      return 0;

  if (!ev_default_loop_ptr)
    {
#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
      struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr = &default_loop_struct;
#else
      ev_default_loop_ptr = 1;
#endif

      loop_init (EV_A_ flags);

      if (ev_backend (EV_A))
        {
          siginit (EV_A);

#ifndef _WIN32
          ev_signal_init (&childev, childcb, SIGCHLD);
          ev_set_priority (&childev, EV_MAXPRI);
          ev_signal_start (EV_A_ &childev);
          ev_unref (EV_A); /* child watcher should not keep loop alive */
#endif
        }
      else
        ev_default_loop_ptr = 0;
    }

  return ev_default_loop_ptr;
}

void
ev_default_destroy (void)
{
#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
  struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr;
#endif

#ifndef _WIN32
  ev_ref (EV_A); /* child watcher */
  ev_signal_stop (EV_A_ &childev);
#endif

  ev_ref (EV_A); /* signal watcher */
  ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &sigev);

  close (sigpipe [0]); sigpipe [0] = 0;
  close (sigpipe [1]); sigpipe [1] = 0;

  loop_destroy (EV_A);
}

void
ev_default_fork (void)
{
#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
  struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_loop_ptr;
#endif

  if (backend)
    postfork = 1;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

int inline_size
any_pending (EV_P)
{
  int pri;

  for (pri = NUMPRI; pri--; )
    if (pendingcnt [pri])
      return 1;

  return 0;
}

void inline_speed
call_pending (EV_P)
{
  int pri;

  for (pri = NUMPRI; pri--; )
    while (pendingcnt [pri])
      {
        ANPENDING *p = pendings [pri] + --pendingcnt [pri];

        if (expect_true (p->w))
          {
            /*assert (("non-pending watcher on pending list", p->w->pending));*/

            p->w->pending = 0;
            EV_CB_INVOKE (p->w, p->events);
          }
      }
}

void inline_size
timers_reify (EV_P)
{
  while (timercnt && ((WT)timers [0])->at <= mn_now)
    {
      ev_timer *w = timers [0];

      /*assert (("inactive timer on timer heap detected", ev_is_active (w)));*/

      /* first reschedule or stop timer */
      if (w->repeat)
        {
          assert (("negative ev_timer repeat value found while processing timers", w->repeat > 0.));

          ((WT)w)->at += w->repeat;
          if (((WT)w)->at < mn_now)
            ((WT)w)->at = mn_now;

          downheap ((WT *)timers, timercnt, 0);
        }
      else
        ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ w); /* nonrepeating: stop timer */

      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_TIMEOUT);
    }
}

#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
void inline_size
periodics_reify (EV_P)
{
  while (periodiccnt && ((WT)periodics [0])->at <= ev_rt_now)
    {
      ev_periodic *w = periodics [0];

      /*assert (("inactive timer on periodic heap detected", ev_is_active (w)));*/

      /* first reschedule or stop timer */
      if (w->reschedule_cb)
        {
          ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now + 0.0001);
          assert (("ev_periodic reschedule callback returned time in the past", ((WT)w)->at > ev_rt_now));
          downheap ((WT *)periodics, periodiccnt, 0);
        }
      else if (w->interval)
        {
          ((WT)w)->at += floor ((ev_rt_now - ((WT)w)->at) / w->interval + 1.) * w->interval;
          assert (("ev_periodic timeout in the past detected while processing timers, negative interval?", ((WT)w)->at > ev_rt_now));
          downheap ((WT *)periodics, periodiccnt, 0);
        }
      else
        ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w); /* nonrepeating: stop timer */

      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_PERIODIC);
    }
}

static void noinline
periodics_reschedule (EV_P)
{
  int i;

  /* adjust periodics after time jump */
  for (i = 0; i < periodiccnt; ++i)
    {
      ev_periodic *w = periodics [i];

      if (w->reschedule_cb)
        ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now);
      else if (w->interval)
        ((WT)w)->at += ceil ((ev_rt_now - ((WT)w)->at) / w->interval) * w->interval;
    }

  /* now rebuild the heap */
  for (i = periodiccnt >> 1; i--; )
    downheap ((WT *)periodics, periodiccnt, i);
}
#endif

int inline_size
time_update_monotonic (EV_P)
{
  mn_now = get_clock ();

  if (expect_true (mn_now - now_floor < MIN_TIMEJUMP * .5))
    {
      ev_rt_now = rtmn_diff + mn_now;
      return 0;
    }
  else
    {
      now_floor = mn_now;
      ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
      return 1;
    }
}

void inline_size
time_update (EV_P)
{
  int i;

#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
  if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
    {
      if (time_update_monotonic (EV_A))
        {
          ev_tstamp odiff = rtmn_diff;

          /* loop a few times, before making important decisions.
           * on the choice of "4": one iteration isn't enough,
           * in case we get preempted during the calls to
           * ev_time and get_clock. a second call is almost guaranteed
           * to succeed in that case, though. and looping a few more times
           * doesn't hurt either as we only do this on time-jumps or
           * in the unlikely event of having been preempted here.
           */
          for (i = 4; --i; )
            {
              rtmn_diff = ev_rt_now - mn_now;

              if (fabs (odiff - rtmn_diff) < MIN_TIMEJUMP)
                return; /* all is well */

              ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
              mn_now    = get_clock ();
              now_floor = mn_now;
            }

# if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
          periodics_reschedule (EV_A);
# endif
          /* no timer adjustment, as the monotonic clock doesn't jump */
          /* timers_reschedule (EV_A_ rtmn_diff - odiff) */
        }
    }
  else
#endif
    {
      ev_rt_now = ev_time ();

      if (expect_false (mn_now > ev_rt_now || mn_now < ev_rt_now - MAX_BLOCKTIME - MIN_TIMEJUMP))
        {
#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
          periodics_reschedule (EV_A);
#endif

          /* adjust timers. this is easy, as the offset is the same for all of them */
          for (i = 0; i < timercnt; ++i)
            ((WT)timers [i])->at += ev_rt_now - mn_now;
        }

      mn_now = ev_rt_now;
    }
}

void
ev_ref (EV_P)
{
  ++activecnt;
}

void
ev_unref (EV_P)
{
  --activecnt;
}

static int loop_done;

void
ev_loop (EV_P_ int flags)
{
  loop_done = flags & (EVLOOP_ONESHOT | EVLOOP_NONBLOCK)
            ? EVUNLOOP_ONE
            : EVUNLOOP_CANCEL;

  call_pending (EV_A); /* in case we recurse, ensure ordering stays nice and clean */

  do
    {
#ifndef _WIN32
      if (expect_false (curpid)) /* penalise the forking check even more */
        if (expect_false (getpid () != curpid))
          {
            curpid = getpid ();
            postfork = 1;
          }
#endif

#if EV_FORK_ENABLE
      /* we might have forked, so queue fork handlers */
      if (expect_false (postfork))
        if (forkcnt)
          {
            queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)forks, forkcnt, EV_FORK);
            call_pending (EV_A);
          }
#endif

      /* queue check watchers (and execute them) */
      if (expect_false (preparecnt))
        {
          queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)prepares, preparecnt, EV_PREPARE);
          call_pending (EV_A);
        }

      if (expect_false (!activecnt))
        break;

      /* we might have forked, so reify kernel state if necessary */
      if (expect_false (postfork))
        loop_fork (EV_A);

      /* update fd-related kernel structures */
      fd_reify (EV_A);

      /* calculate blocking time */
      {
        ev_tstamp block;

        if (expect_false (flags & EVLOOP_NONBLOCK || idlecnt || !activecnt))
          block = 0.; /* do not block at all */
        else
          {
            /* update time to cancel out callback processing overhead */
#if EV_USE_MONOTONIC
            if (expect_true (have_monotonic))
              time_update_monotonic (EV_A);
            else
#endif
              {
                ev_rt_now = ev_time ();
                mn_now    = ev_rt_now;
              }

            block = MAX_BLOCKTIME;

            if (timercnt)
              {
                ev_tstamp to = ((WT)timers [0])->at - mn_now + backend_fudge;
                if (block > to) block = to;
              }

#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
            if (periodiccnt)
              {
                ev_tstamp to = ((WT)periodics [0])->at - ev_rt_now + backend_fudge;
                if (block > to) block = to;
              }
#endif

            if (expect_false (block < 0.)) block = 0.;
          }

        ++loop_count;
        backend_poll (EV_A_ block);
      }

      /* update ev_rt_now, do magic */
      time_update (EV_A);

      /* queue pending timers and reschedule them */
      timers_reify (EV_A); /* relative timers called last */
#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
      periodics_reify (EV_A); /* absolute timers called first */
#endif

      /* queue idle watchers unless other events are pending */
      if (idlecnt && !any_pending (EV_A))
        queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)idles, idlecnt, EV_IDLE);

      /* queue check watchers, to be executed first */
      if (expect_false (checkcnt))
        queue_events (EV_A_ (W *)checks, checkcnt, EV_CHECK);

      call_pending (EV_A);

    }
  while (expect_true (activecnt && !loop_done));

  if (loop_done == EVUNLOOP_ONE)
    loop_done = EVUNLOOP_CANCEL;
}

void
ev_unloop (EV_P_ int how)
{
  loop_done = how;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

void inline_size
wlist_add (WL *head, WL elem)
{
  elem->next = *head;
  *head = elem;
}

void inline_size
wlist_del (WL *head, WL elem)
{
  while (*head)
    {
      if (*head == elem)
        {
          *head = elem->next;
          return;
        }

      head = &(*head)->next;
    }
}

void inline_speed
ev_clear_pending (EV_P_ W w)
{
  if (w->pending)
    {
      pendings [ABSPRI (w)][w->pending - 1].w = 0;
      w->pending = 0;
    }
}

void inline_speed
ev_start (EV_P_ W w, int active)
{
  if (w->priority < EV_MINPRI) w->priority = EV_MINPRI;
  if (w->priority > EV_MAXPRI) w->priority = EV_MAXPRI;

  w->active = active;
  ev_ref (EV_A);
}

void inline_size
ev_stop (EV_P_ W w)
{
  ev_unref (EV_A);
  w->active = 0;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

void
ev_io_start (EV_P_ ev_io *w)
{
  int fd = w->fd;

  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  assert (("ev_io_start called with negative fd", fd >= 0));

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
  array_needsize (ANFD, anfds, anfdmax, fd + 1, anfds_init);
  wlist_add ((WL *)&anfds[fd].head, (WL)w);

  fd_change (EV_A_ fd);
}

void
ev_io_stop (EV_P_ ev_io *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  assert (("ev_io_start called with illegal fd (must stay constant after start!)", w->fd >= 0 && w->fd < anfdmax));

  wlist_del ((WL *)&anfds[w->fd].head, (WL)w);
  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);

  fd_change (EV_A_ w->fd);
}

void
ev_timer_start (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ((WT)w)->at += mn_now;

  assert (("ev_timer_start called with negative timer repeat value", w->repeat >= 0.));

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++timercnt);
  array_needsize (ev_timer *, timers, timermax, timercnt, EMPTY2);
  timers [timercnt - 1] = w;
  upheap ((WT *)timers, timercnt - 1);

  /*assert (("internal timer heap corruption", timers [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));*/
}

void
ev_timer_stop (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  assert (("internal timer heap corruption", timers [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));

  {
    int active = ((W)w)->active;

    if (expect_true (--active < --timercnt))
      {
        timers [active] = timers [timercnt];
        adjustheap ((WT *)timers, timercnt, active);
      }
  }

  ((WT)w)->at -= mn_now;

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}

void
ev_timer_again (EV_P_ ev_timer *w)
{
  if (ev_is_active (w))
    {
      if (w->repeat)
        {
          ((WT)w)->at = mn_now + w->repeat;
          adjustheap ((WT *)timers, timercnt, ((W)w)->active - 1);
        }
      else
        ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ w);
    }
  else if (w->repeat)
    {
      w->at = w->repeat;
      ev_timer_start (EV_A_ w);
    }
}

#if EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE
void
ev_periodic_start (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  if (w->reschedule_cb)
    ((WT)w)->at = w->reschedule_cb (w, ev_rt_now);
  else if (w->interval)
    {
      assert (("ev_periodic_start called with negative interval value", w->interval >= 0.));
      /* this formula differs from the one in periodic_reify because we do not always round up */
      ((WT)w)->at += ceil ((ev_rt_now - ((WT)w)->at) / w->interval) * w->interval;
    }

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++periodiccnt);
  array_needsize (ev_periodic *, periodics, periodicmax, periodiccnt, EMPTY2);
  periodics [periodiccnt - 1] = w;
  upheap ((WT *)periodics, periodiccnt - 1);

  /*assert (("internal periodic heap corruption", periodics [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));*/
}

void
ev_periodic_stop (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  assert (("internal periodic heap corruption", periodics [((W)w)->active - 1] == w));

  {
    int active = ((W)w)->active;

    if (expect_true (--active < --periodiccnt))
      {
        periodics [active] = periodics [periodiccnt];
        adjustheap ((WT *)periodics, periodiccnt, active);
      }
  }

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}

void
ev_periodic_again (EV_P_ ev_periodic *w)
{
  /* TODO: use adjustheap and recalculation */
  ev_periodic_stop (EV_A_ w);
  ev_periodic_start (EV_A_ w);
}
#endif

#ifndef SA_RESTART
# define SA_RESTART 0
#endif

void
ev_signal_start (EV_P_ ev_signal *w)
{
#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
  assert (("signal watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
#endif
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  assert (("ev_signal_start called with illegal signal number", w->signum > 0));

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
  array_needsize (ANSIG, signals, signalmax, w->signum, signals_init);
  wlist_add ((WL *)&signals [w->signum - 1].head, (WL)w);

  if (!((WL)w)->next)
    {
#if _WIN32
      signal (w->signum, sighandler);
#else
      struct sigaction sa;
      sa.sa_handler = sighandler;
      sigfillset (&sa.sa_mask);
      sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; /* if restarting works we save one iteration */
      sigaction (w->signum, &sa, 0);
#endif
    }
}

void
ev_signal_stop (EV_P_ ev_signal *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  wlist_del ((WL *)&signals [w->signum - 1].head, (WL)w);
  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);

  if (!signals [w->signum - 1].head)
    signal (w->signum, SIG_DFL);
}

void
ev_child_start (EV_P_ ev_child *w)
{
#if EV_MULTIPLICITY
  assert (("child watchers are only supported in the default loop", loop == ev_default_loop_ptr));
#endif
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
  wlist_add ((WL *)&childs [w->pid & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)], (WL)w);
}

void
ev_child_stop (EV_P_ ev_child *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  wlist_del ((WL *)&childs [w->pid & (EV_PID_HASHSIZE - 1)], (WL)w);
  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}

#if EV_STAT_ENABLE

# ifdef _WIN32
#  undef lstat
#  define lstat(a,b) _stati64 (a,b)
# endif

#define DEF_STAT_INTERVAL 5.0074891
#define MIN_STAT_INTERVAL 0.1074891

static void noinline stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents);

#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
# define EV_INOTIFY_BUFSIZE 8192

static void noinline
infy_add (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
{
  w->wd = inotify_add_watch (fs_fd, w->path, IN_ATTRIB | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF | IN_MODIFY | IN_DONT_FOLLOW | IN_MASK_ADD);

  if (w->wd < 0)
    {
      ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer); /* this is not race-free, so we still need to recheck periodically */

      /* monitor some parent directory for speedup hints */
      if ((errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES) && strlen (w->path) < 4096)
        {
          char path [4096];
          strcpy (path, w->path);

          do
            {
              int mask = IN_MASK_ADD | IN_DELETE_SELF | IN_MOVE_SELF
                       | (errno == EACCES ? IN_ATTRIB : IN_CREATE | IN_MOVED_TO);

              char *pend = strrchr (path, '/');

              if (!pend)
                break; /* whoops, no '/', complain to your admin */

              *pend = 0;
              w->wd = inotify_add_watch (fs_fd, path, mask);
            } 
          while (w->wd < 0 && (errno == ENOENT || errno == EACCES));
        }
    }
  else
    ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &w->timer); /* we can watch this in a race-free way */

  if (w->wd >= 0)
    wlist_add (&fs_hash [w->wd & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1)].head, (WL)w);
}

static void noinline
infy_del (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
{
  int slot;
  int wd = w->wd;

  if (wd < 0)
    return;

  w->wd = -2;
  slot = wd & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1);
  wlist_del (&fs_hash [slot].head, (WL)w);

  /* remove this watcher, if others are watching it, they will rearm */
  inotify_rm_watch (fs_fd, wd);
}

static void noinline
infy_wd (EV_P_ int slot, int wd, struct inotify_event *ev)
{
  if (slot < 0)
    /* overflow, need to check for all hahs slots */
    for (slot = 0; slot < EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE; ++slot)
      infy_wd (EV_A_ slot, wd, ev);
  else
    {
      WL w_;

      for (w_ = fs_hash [slot & (EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE - 1)].head; w_; )
        {
          ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)w_;
          w_ = w_->next; /* lets us remove this watcher and all before it */

          if (w->wd == wd || wd == -1)
            {
              if (ev->mask & (IN_IGNORED | IN_UNMOUNT | IN_DELETE_SELF))
                {
                  w->wd = -1;
                  infy_add (EV_A_ w); /* re-add, no matter what */
                }

              stat_timer_cb (EV_A_ &w->timer, 0);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void
infy_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents)
{
  char buf [EV_INOTIFY_BUFSIZE];
  struct inotify_event *ev = (struct inotify_event *)buf;
  int ofs;
  int len = read (fs_fd, buf, sizeof (buf));

  for (ofs = 0; ofs < len; ofs += sizeof (struct inotify_event) + ev->len)
    infy_wd (EV_A_ ev->wd, ev->wd, ev);
}

void inline_size
infy_init (EV_P)
{
  if (fs_fd != -2)
    return;

  fs_fd = inotify_init ();

  if (fs_fd >= 0)
    {
      ev_io_init (&fs_w, infy_cb, fs_fd, EV_READ);
      ev_set_priority (&fs_w, EV_MAXPRI);
      ev_io_start (EV_A_ &fs_w);
    }
}

void inline_size
infy_fork (EV_P)
{
  int slot;

  if (fs_fd < 0)
    return;

  close (fs_fd);
  fs_fd = inotify_init ();

  for (slot = 0; slot < EV_INOTIFY_HASHSIZE; ++slot)
    {
      WL w_ = fs_hash [slot].head;
      fs_hash [slot].head = 0;

      while (w_)
        {
          ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)w_;
          w_ = w_->next; /* lets us add this watcher */

          w->wd = -1;

          if (fs_fd >= 0)
            infy_add (EV_A_ w); /* re-add, no matter what */
          else
            ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer);
        }

    }
}

#endif

void
ev_stat_stat (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
{
  if (lstat (w->path, &w->attr) < 0)
    w->attr.st_nlink = 0;
  else if (!w->attr.st_nlink)
    w->attr.st_nlink = 1;
}

static void noinline
stat_timer_cb (EV_P_ ev_timer *w_, int revents)
{
  ev_stat *w = (ev_stat *)(((char *)w_) - offsetof (ev_stat, timer));

  /* we copy this here each the time so that */
  /* prev has the old value when the callback gets invoked */
  w->prev = w->attr;
  ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w);

  /* memcmp doesn't work on netbsd, they.... do stuff to their struct stat */
  if (
    w->prev.st_dev      != w->attr.st_dev
    || w->prev.st_ino   != w->attr.st_ino
    || w->prev.st_mode  != w->attr.st_mode
    || w->prev.st_nlink != w->attr.st_nlink
    || w->prev.st_uid   != w->attr.st_uid
    || w->prev.st_gid   != w->attr.st_gid
    || w->prev.st_rdev  != w->attr.st_rdev
    || w->prev.st_size  != w->attr.st_size
    || w->prev.st_atime != w->attr.st_atime
    || w->prev.st_mtime != w->attr.st_mtime
    || w->prev.st_ctime != w->attr.st_ctime
  ) {
      #if EV_USE_INOTIFY
        infy_del (EV_A_ w);
        infy_add (EV_A_ w);
        ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w); /* avoid race... */
      #endif

      ev_feed_event (EV_A_ w, EV_STAT);
    }
}

void
ev_stat_start (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  /* since we use memcmp, we need to clear any padding data etc. */
  memset (&w->prev, 0, sizeof (ev_statdata));
  memset (&w->attr, 0, sizeof (ev_statdata));

  ev_stat_stat (EV_A_ w);

  if (w->interval < MIN_STAT_INTERVAL)
    w->interval = w->interval ? MIN_STAT_INTERVAL : DEF_STAT_INTERVAL;

  ev_timer_init (&w->timer, stat_timer_cb, w->interval, w->interval);
  ev_set_priority (&w->timer, ev_priority (w));

#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
  infy_init (EV_A);

  if (fs_fd >= 0)
    infy_add (EV_A_ w);
  else
#endif
    ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &w->timer);

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
}

void
ev_stat_stop (EV_P_ ev_stat *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

#if EV_USE_INOTIFY
  infy_del (EV_A_ w);
#endif
  ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &w->timer);

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}
#endif

void
ev_idle_start (EV_P_ ev_idle *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++idlecnt);
  array_needsize (ev_idle *, idles, idlemax, idlecnt, EMPTY2);
  idles [idlecnt - 1] = w;
}

void
ev_idle_stop (EV_P_ ev_idle *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  {
    int active = ((W)w)->active;
    idles [active - 1] = idles [--idlecnt];
    ((W)idles [active - 1])->active = active;
  }

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}

void
ev_prepare_start (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++preparecnt);
  array_needsize (ev_prepare *, prepares, preparemax, preparecnt, EMPTY2);
  prepares [preparecnt - 1] = w;
}

void
ev_prepare_stop (EV_P_ ev_prepare *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  {
    int active = ((W)w)->active;
    prepares [active - 1] = prepares [--preparecnt];
    ((W)prepares [active - 1])->active = active;
  }

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}

void
ev_check_start (EV_P_ ev_check *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++checkcnt);
  array_needsize (ev_check *, checks, checkmax, checkcnt, EMPTY2);
  checks [checkcnt - 1] = w;
}

void
ev_check_stop (EV_P_ ev_check *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  {
    int active = ((W)w)->active;
    checks [active - 1] = checks [--checkcnt];
    ((W)checks [active - 1])->active = active;
  }

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}

#if EV_EMBED_ENABLE
void noinline
ev_embed_sweep (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
{
  ev_loop (w->loop, EVLOOP_NONBLOCK);
}

static void
embed_cb (EV_P_ ev_io *io, int revents)
{
  ev_embed *w = (ev_embed *)(((char *)io) - offsetof (ev_embed, io));

  if (ev_cb (w))
    ev_feed_event (EV_A_ (W)w, EV_EMBED);
  else
    ev_embed_sweep (loop, w);
}

void
ev_embed_start (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  {
    struct ev_loop *loop = w->loop;
    assert (("loop to be embedded is not embeddable", backend & ev_embeddable_backends ()));
    ev_io_init (&w->io, embed_cb, backend_fd, EV_READ);
  }

  ev_set_priority (&w->io, ev_priority (w));
  ev_io_start (EV_A_ &w->io);

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, 1);
}

void
ev_embed_stop (EV_P_ ev_embed *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &w->io);

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}
#endif

#if EV_FORK_ENABLE
void
ev_fork_start (EV_P_ ev_fork *w)
{
  if (expect_false (ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  ev_start (EV_A_ (W)w, ++forkcnt);
  array_needsize (ev_fork *, forks, forkmax, forkcnt, EMPTY2);
  forks [forkcnt - 1] = w;
}

void
ev_fork_stop (EV_P_ ev_fork *w)
{
  ev_clear_pending (EV_A_ (W)w);
  if (expect_false (!ev_is_active (w)))
    return;

  {
    int active = ((W)w)->active;
    forks [active - 1] = forks [--forkcnt];
    ((W)forks [active - 1])->active = active;
  }

  ev_stop (EV_A_ (W)w);
}
#endif

/*****************************************************************************/

struct ev_once
{
  ev_io io;
  ev_timer to;
  void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg);
  void *arg;
};

static void
once_cb (EV_P_ struct ev_once *once, int revents)
{
  void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg) = once->cb;
  void *arg = once->arg;

  ev_io_stop (EV_A_ &once->io);
  ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &once->to);
  ev_free (once);

  cb (revents, arg);
}

static void
once_cb_io (EV_P_ ev_io *w, int revents)
{
  once_cb (EV_A_ (struct ev_once *)(((char *)w) - offsetof (struct ev_once, io)), revents);
}

static void
once_cb_to (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents)
{
  once_cb (EV_A_ (struct ev_once *)(((char *)w) - offsetof (struct ev_once, to)), revents);
}

void
ev_once (EV_P_ int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, void (*cb)(int revents, void *arg), void *arg)
{
  struct ev_once *once = (struct ev_once *)ev_malloc (sizeof (struct ev_once));

  if (expect_false (!once))
    {
      cb (EV_ERROR | EV_READ | EV_WRITE | EV_TIMEOUT, arg);
      return;
    }

  once->cb  = cb;
  once->arg = arg;

  ev_init (&once->io, once_cb_io);
  if (fd >= 0)
    {
      ev_io_set (&once->io, fd, events);
      ev_io_start (EV_A_ &once->io);
    }

  ev_init (&once->to, once_cb_to);
  if (timeout >= 0.)
    {
      ev_timer_set (&once->to, timeout, 0.);
      ev_timer_start (EV_A_ &once->to);
    }
}

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif