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Diffstat (limited to 'FAQ')
| -rw-r--r-- | FAQ | 773 |
1 files changed, 390 insertions, 383 deletions
@@ -1,383 +1,390 @@ - ========================================= - PTHREADS-WIN32 Frequently Asked Questions - ========================================= - -INDEX ------ - -Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment? - -Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get - memory access violations? - -Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0) - -Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why? - -Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock - -Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32? - -============================================================================= - -Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment? ---- - -A 1 ---- -Important: see Q2 also. - -In short, use Mingw32 with the MSVCRT library to build applications that use -the DLL. Cygwin's own internal support for POSIX threads is growing. Consult -that project's documentation for more information. - -Date: Mon, 07 Dec 1998 15:11:37 +0100 -From: Anders Norlander <anorland@hem2.passagen.se> -To: Ross Johnson <rpj@ise.canberra.edu.au> -Cc: pthreads-win32 <pthreads-win32@air.net.au> -Subject: Re: pthreads-win32: TryEnterCriticalSection patch (fwd) - -Ross Johnson wrote: -> -> Anders, -> -> You said you're using GCC. Is that from cygwin32 or mingw32? What is your -> environment (so I can perhaps help other people out)? We have problems -> with cygwin32 et al that have been built on Win95. They're missing -> _{begin,end}threadex. - -Ross, - -I use mingw32 when compiling pthreads-win32, but unlike most people I -use MSVCRT as the C library instead of CRTDLL. For those that don't -feel like configuring and building the necessary components themselves, -Mumit Khan has released an add on for mingw32 to make it use MSVCRT40. -It is available at his ftp site, follow the minw32 links at -http://www.xraylith.wisc.edu/~khan/software/gnu-win32/ - -For cygwin it is a completely different matter. I suppose -pthreads-win32 uses _beginthreadex and _endthreadex because the Win32 -docs say that programs calling functions in the C library should not -use CreateThread and ExitThread. However, this applies only to -Microsoft's (and possibly others) multithreaded C libraries that need -to keep track of per thread data, it does not apply to cygwin. -This code solves the problem: - -/* Check for old and new versions of cygwin */ -#if defined(__CYGWIN32__) || defined(__CYGWIN__) -/* Macro uses args so we can cast start_proc to LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE - in order to avoid warnings because of return type */ -#define _beginthreadex(security, stack_size, start_proc, arg, flags, -pid) \ -CreateThread(security, stack_size, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) start_proc, -\ - arg, flags, pid) -#define _endthreadex ExitThread -#endif - -I would be extremely careful using threads with cygwin, since it is -not (yet) threadsafe. - -Regards, -Anders - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get ---- memory access violations (segfaults)? - -A 2 ---- -Note: -The latest Mingw32 package has thread-safe exception handling. -Make sure you also read A 6 below to get a fully working build. - -The following email exchange describes the problem. Until this issue -is resolved people without the Microsoft compiler can obtain the current -MSVC prebuilt DLL (pthread.{dll,lib,h}) at: - -ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/pthreads-win32/dll-latest - -Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1999 13:21:01 -0000 -From: "Ruland, Kevin" <Kevin.Ruland@anheuser-busch.com> -Reply-To: POSIX threads on Win32 <pthreads-win32@air.net.au> -To: 'POSIX threads on Win32' <pthreads-win32@air.net.au> -Subject: Mingw32 exceptions not thread safe. - -Hello everyone. - -I asked Mumit Khan, maintainer of egcs for mingw and assorted guru, about -the Known Problem listed below. - -> Known problems -> -------------- -> -> There is an unresolved bug which shows up as a segmentation fault -> (memory access violation) when the library is built using g++. Build -> the test program "eyal1.c" and run with an argument of "2" or -> greater. The argument is the number of threads to run, excluding the -> main thread, so the bug appears with 2 or more worker threads. -> -> Kevin Ruland has traced the exception to the try/catch blocks in -> ptw32_threadStart(). -> - -The official word is: - -<Quote Mumit Khan [khan@xraylith.wisc.edu]> -EGCS-1.1.1 for win32 (either cygwin or crtdll/msvc runtimes) do not have -thread-safe exception support. - -For Cygwin, it'll happen when Cygwin runtime has mature thread safety and -pthread is fully integrated. Then it's just a matter of rebuilding GCC (or -just libgcc in this) with thread safe EH support. - -For Mingw crtdll/msvc, someone needs to write the thread-wrapper for win32 -threads. Anyone who knows win32 threads should be able to do this without -much trouble at all. It's low on my priority list, so unless someone else -volunteers, it'll have to wait. -<\Quote> - -Kevin - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0) ---- - -A 3 ---- -> -> I'm a "rookie" when it comes to your pthread implementation. I'm currently -> desperately trying to install the prebuilt .dll file into my MSVC compiler. -> Could you please provide me with explicit instructions on how to do this (or -> direct me to a resource(s) where I can acquire such information)? -> -> Thank you, -> - -You should have a .dll, .lib, .def, and three .h files. - -The .dll can go in any directory listed in your PATH environment -variable, so putting it into C:\WINDOWS should work. - -The .lib file can go in any directory listed in your LIB environment -variable. - -The .h files can go in any directory listed in your INCLUDE -environment variable. - -Or you might prefer to put the .lib and .h files into a new directory -and add its path to LIB and INCLUDE. You can probably do this easiest -by editing the file:- - -C:\Program Files\DevStudio\vc\bin\vcvars32.bat - -The .def file isn't used by anything in the pre-compiled version but -is included for information. - -Cheers. -Ross - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why? ---- - -A 4 ---- -> I'm investigating a problem regarding thread cancelation. The thread I want -> to cancel has PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, however, this piece of code -> blocks on the join(): -> -> if ((retv = Pthread_cancel( recvThread )) == 0) -> { -> retv = Pthread_join( recvThread, 0 ); -> } -> -> Pthread_* are just macro's; they call pthread_*. -> -> The thread recvThread seems to block on a select() call. It doesn't get -> cancelled. -> -> Two questions: -> -> 1) is this normal behaviour? -> -> 2) if not, how does the cancel mechanism work? I'm not very familliar to -> win32 programming, so I don't really understand how the *Event() family of -> calls work. - -Async cancelation should be in versions post snapshot-1999-11-02 -of pthreads-win32 (currently only for x86 architectures). - -The answer to your first question is, normal POSIX behaviour would -be to asynchronously cancel the thread. However, even that doesn't -guarantee cancelation as the standard only says it should be -cancelled as soon as possible. - -However ... - -Snapshot 99-11-02 or earlier only partially supports asynchronous cancellation. -If the thread you're trying to cancel is blocked (for instance, it could be -waiting for data from the network), it will only get cancelled when it unblocks -(when the data arrives). Unfortunately, there is no way to do so from -outside the thread. - -Using deferred cancelation would normally be the way to go, however, -even though the POSIX threads standard lists a number of C library -functions that are defined as deferred cancelation points, there is -no hookup between those which are provided by Windows and the -pthreads-win32 library. - -Incidently, it's worth noting for code portability that the POSIX -threads standard list doesn't include "select" because (as I read in -Butenhof) it isn't recognised by POSIX. - -Effectively, the only cancelation points that pthreads-win32 can -recognise are those the library implements itself, ie. - - pthread_testcancel - pthread_cond_wait - pthread_cond_timedwait - pthread_join - sem_wait - pthread_delay_np - -Pthreads-win32 also provides two functions that allow you to create -cancelation points within your application, but only for cases where -a thread is going to block on a Win32 handle. These are: - - pthreadCancelableWait(HANDLE waitHandle) /* Infinite wait */ - - pthreadCancelableTimedWait(HANDLE waitHandle, DWORD timeout) - -Regards. -Ross - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock ---- - -A 5 ---- -> i was testing this pthread for win32 in my prog. -> when i checked if it was blocking mutex_lock calls, i was surprised when it -> didnt lock -> -> pthread_mutex_t DBlock; -> -> pthread_mutex_init( &DBlock, NULL ); -> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock ); -> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock ); -> -> ^^ these two calls didnt block - -POSIX leaves the result "undefined" for a thread that tries -to recursively lock the same mutex (one that it owns already). -That means the actual semantics are left up to the -implementation, but should not be relied upon for code that -will be ported to different POSIX threads implementations. - -In the pthreads-win32 implementation a thread won't deadlock -itself by relocking the mutex. Subsequent calls to -pthread_mutex_lock() as in your example above increment -the lock count but the thread continues on. Consequently, -the thread must ensure that it unlocks the mutex once for -each lock operation. That is, pthreads-win32 mutexes are -always recursive. - -You may want to look at the other synchronisation devices -available in the library, such as condition variables or -read-write locks. - -Ross - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32? ---- - -A 6 ---- -Once you've followed Thomas Pfaff's instructions below to fix -Mingw32, then you can simply run "make" to build the library and dll. - - -From - Sat Dec 9 22:56:10 2000 -From: "Thomas Pfaff" <tpfaff@gmx.net> -To: <mingw-users@lists.sourceforge.net>, <pthreads-win32@sources.redhat.com> -Subject: mingw32 DLLs, threads and exceptions HOWTO -Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2000 11:12:43 +0100 - -Dear all, - -this is a summary that should help users to have thread safe exception -handling over DLL exported functions. -If you don't care about c++ exceptions you can stop reading here. - -The first time i struggled with c++ exceptions was when i tried to throw an -exception in a dll exported function where the exception handler resides in -the program module. -Instead of catching the exception the program stopped with an abnormal -termination. -The reason was that the exception code is in libgcc.a. Since this is a -static library the code and some static variables are both in the dll and in -the program module, each module runs in its own context. -It was Franco Bez that pointed me in the right direction, that is convert -libgcc.a into a dll. - -That done i tried to build the pthreads-win32 library, but some tests failed -with an access violation. Due to the fact that the dll was not build -was -mthreads support, eh_context_static instead of eh_context_specific (the -mthreads version) was used for exception handling. -I did a rebuild of the gcc dll with -mthreads, now all tests are passed -(except a nonportable exception test that relies on a MSVC feature). - -To build the gcc dll i did the following steps. - -1. create a temporary directory libgcc -2. copy libgcc.a from gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 to that -directory -3. ar -x libgcc.a -4. create a directory tmp and move __main.o, _exit.o and __dummy.o in that -directory -5. build the dll -gcc -shared -mthreads -o gcc.dll *.o -strip gcc.dll -Move this dll into your gcc\bin directory -6. Move _chkstk.o and frame.o to the tmp directory, otherwise you break the -builtin alloca. -7. Build the import library libgcc.a -dllwrap --export-all --dllname=gcc.dll --output-def=libgcc.def --output-lib= -libgcc.a *.o -ar -q libgcc.a tmp/*.o -strip --strip-debug libgcc.a -ranlib libgcc.a -8. save your old libgcc.a, copy the new libgcc.a into -gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 - -I am using gcc-2.95.2-1 with Mumits patched binutils-19990818-1and msvcrt -runtime-2000-03-27. -I don't know if this is still required with the current binutils and gcc -since i have seen no sources until now. - -I believe that these steps are at least necessary if you are trying to use -the pthreads-win32 library (which is required if you want to use gtk+ on -win32). -They will make mingw32 a real replacement for MSVC (at least for me). - -What is left: - -1. Include the mingwm10.dll function into the gcc.dll to have only one dll -left. -2. make -mthreads and -fnative-struct default compiler options. -3. convert libstdc++ to a dll by adding the declspec dllexport and dllimport -to every class definition. - -Regards, - Thomas - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - + =========================================
+ PTHREADS-WIN32 Frequently Asked Questions
+ =========================================
+
+INDEX
+-----
+
+Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment?
+
+Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get
+ memory access violations?
+
+Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0)
+
+Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why?
+
+Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock
+
+Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32?
+
+=============================================================================
+
+Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment?
+---
+
+A 1
+---
+Important: see Q2 also.
+
+In short, use Mingw32 with the MSVCRT library to build applications that use
+the DLL. Cygwin's own internal support for POSIX threads is growing. Consult
+that project's documentation for more information.
+
+Date: Mon, 07 Dec 1998 15:11:37 +0100
+From: Anders Norlander <anorland@hem2.passagen.se>
+To: Ross Johnson <rpj@ise.canberra.edu.au>
+Cc: pthreads-win32 <pthreads-win32@air.net.au>
+Subject: Re: pthreads-win32: TryEnterCriticalSection patch (fwd)
+
+Ross Johnson wrote:
+>
+> Anders,
+>
+> You said you're using GCC. Is that from cygwin32 or mingw32? What is your
+> environment (so I can perhaps help other people out)? We have problems
+> with cygwin32 et al that have been built on Win95. They're missing
+> _{begin,end}threadex.
+
+Ross,
+
+I use mingw32 when compiling pthreads-win32, but unlike most people I
+use MSVCRT as the C library instead of CRTDLL. For those that don't
+feel like configuring and building the necessary components themselves,
+Mumit Khan has released an add on for mingw32 to make it use MSVCRT40.
+It is available at his ftp site, follow the minw32 links at
+http://www.xraylith.wisc.edu/~khan/software/gnu-win32/
+
+For cygwin it is a completely different matter. I suppose
+pthreads-win32 uses _beginthreadex and _endthreadex because the Win32
+docs say that programs calling functions in the C library should not
+use CreateThread and ExitThread. However, this applies only to
+Microsoft's (and possibly others) multithreaded C libraries that need
+to keep track of per thread data, it does not apply to cygwin.
+This code solves the problem:
+
+/* Check for old and new versions of cygwin */
+#if defined(__CYGWIN32__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+/* Macro uses args so we can cast start_proc to LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE
+ in order to avoid warnings because of return type */
+#define _beginthreadex(security, stack_size, start_proc, arg, flags,
+pid) \
+CreateThread(security, stack_size, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) start_proc,
+\
+ arg, flags, pid)
+#define _endthreadex ExitThread
+#endif
+
+I would be extremely careful using threads with cygwin, since it is
+not (yet) threadsafe.
+
+Regards,
+Anders
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get
+--- memory access violations (segfaults)?
+
+A 2
+---
+Note: issue resolved.
+The latest Mingw32 package has thread-safe exception handling.
+Make sure you also read A 6 below to get a fully working build.
+
+
+The following email exchange describes the problem. Until this issue
+is resolved people without the Microsoft compiler can obtain the current
+MSVC prebuilt DLL (pthread.{dll,lib,h}) at:
+
+ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/pthreads-win32/dll-latest
+
+Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1999 13:21:01 -0000
+From: "Ruland, Kevin" <Kevin.Ruland@anheuser-busch.com>
+Reply-To: POSIX threads on Win32 <pthreads-win32@air.net.au>
+To: 'POSIX threads on Win32' <pthreads-win32@air.net.au>
+Subject: Mingw32 exceptions not thread safe.
+
+Hello everyone.
+
+I asked Mumit Khan, maintainer of egcs for mingw and assorted guru, about
+the Known Problem listed below.
+
+> Known problems
+> --------------
+>
+> There is an unresolved bug which shows up as a segmentation fault
+> (memory access violation) when the library is built using g++. Build
+> the test program "eyal1.c" and run with an argument of "2" or
+> greater. The argument is the number of threads to run, excluding the
+> main thread, so the bug appears with 2 or more worker threads.
+>
+> Kevin Ruland has traced the exception to the try/catch blocks in
+> ptw32_threadStart().
+>
+
+The official word is:
+
+<Quote Mumit Khan [khan@xraylith.wisc.edu]>
+EGCS-1.1.1 for win32 (either cygwin or crtdll/msvc runtimes) do not have
+thread-safe exception support.
+
+For Cygwin, it'll happen when Cygwin runtime has mature thread safety and
+pthread is fully integrated. Then it's just a matter of rebuilding GCC (or
+just libgcc in this) with thread safe EH support.
+
+For Mingw crtdll/msvc, someone needs to write the thread-wrapper for win32
+threads. Anyone who knows win32 threads should be able to do this without
+much trouble at all. It's low on my priority list, so unless someone else
+volunteers, it'll have to wait.
+<\Quote>
+
+Kevin
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0)
+---
+
+A 3
+---
+>
+> I'm a "rookie" when it comes to your pthread implementation. I'm currently
+> desperately trying to install the prebuilt .dll file into my MSVC compiler.
+> Could you please provide me with explicit instructions on how to do this (or
+> direct me to a resource(s) where I can acquire such information)?
+>
+> Thank you,
+>
+
+You should have a .dll, .lib, .def, and three .h files.
+
+The .dll can go in any directory listed in your PATH environment
+variable, so putting it into C:\WINDOWS should work.
+
+The .lib file can go in any directory listed in your LIB environment
+variable.
+
+The .h files can go in any directory listed in your INCLUDE
+environment variable.
+
+Or you might prefer to put the .lib and .h files into a new directory
+and add its path to LIB and INCLUDE. You can probably do this easiest
+by editing the file:-
+
+C:\Program Files\DevStudio\vc\bin\vcvars32.bat
+
+The .def file isn't used by anything in the pre-compiled version but
+is included for information.
+
+Cheers.
+Ross
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why?
+---
+
+A 4
+---
+> I'm investigating a problem regarding thread cancelation. The thread I want
+> to cancel has PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, however, this piece of code
+> blocks on the join():
+>
+> if ((retv = Pthread_cancel( recvThread )) == 0)
+> {
+> retv = Pthread_join( recvThread, 0 );
+> }
+>
+> Pthread_* are just macro's; they call pthread_*.
+>
+> The thread recvThread seems to block on a select() call. It doesn't get
+> cancelled.
+>
+> Two questions:
+>
+> 1) is this normal behaviour?
+>
+> 2) if not, how does the cancel mechanism work? I'm not very familliar to
+> win32 programming, so I don't really understand how the *Event() family of
+> calls work.
+
+Async cancelation should be in versions post snapshot-1999-11-02
+of pthreads-win32 (currently only for x86 architectures).
+
+The answer to your first question is, normal POSIX behaviour would
+be to asynchronously cancel the thread. However, even that doesn't
+guarantee cancelation as the standard only says it should be
+cancelled as soon as possible.
+
+However ...
+
+Snapshot 99-11-02 or earlier only partially supports asynchronous cancellation.
+Snapshots since then simulate async cancelation by poking the address of
+a cancelation routine into the PC of the threads context. This requires
+the thread to be resumed in some way for the cancelation to actually
+proceed. This is not true async cancelation, but it is as close as we've
+been able to get to it.
+
+If the thread you're trying to cancel is blocked (for instance, it could be
+waiting for data from the network), it will only get cancelled when it unblocks
+(when the data arrives). Unfortunately, there is no way to do so from
+outside the thread.
+
+Using deferred cancelation would normally be the way to go, however,
+even though the POSIX threads standard lists a number of C library
+functions that are defined as deferred cancelation points, there is
+no hookup between those which are provided by Windows and the
+pthreads-win32 library.
+
+Incidently, it's worth noting for code portability that the POSIX
+threads standard list doesn't include "select" because (as I read in
+Butenhof) it isn't part of POSIX.
+
+Effectively, the only cancelation points that pthreads-win32 can
+recognise are those the library implements itself, ie.
+
+ pthread_testcancel
+ pthread_cond_wait
+ pthread_cond_timedwait
+ pthread_join
+ sem_wait
+ pthread_delay_np
+
+Pthreads-win32 also provides two functions that allow you to create
+cancelation points within your application, but only for cases where
+a thread is going to block on a Win32 handle. These are:
+
+ pthreadCancelableWait(HANDLE waitHandle) /* Infinite wait */
+
+ pthreadCancelableTimedWait(HANDLE waitHandle, DWORD timeout)
+
+Regards.
+Ross
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock
+---
+
+A 5
+---
+> i was testing this pthread for win32 in my prog.
+> when i checked if it was blocking mutex_lock calls, i was surprised when it
+> didnt lock
+>
+> pthread_mutex_t DBlock;
+>
+> pthread_mutex_init( &DBlock, NULL );
+> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock );
+> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock );
+>
+> ^^ these two calls didnt block
+
+POSIX leaves the result "undefined" for a thread that tries
+to recursively lock the same mutex (one that it owns already).
+That means the actual semantics are left up to the
+implementation, but should not be relied upon for code that
+will be ported to different POSIX threads implementations.
+
+In the pthreads-win32 implementation a thread won't deadlock
+itself by relocking the mutex. Subsequent calls to
+pthread_mutex_lock() as in your example above increment
+the lock count but the thread continues on. Consequently,
+the thread must ensure that it unlocks the mutex once for
+each lock operation. That is, pthreads-win32 mutexes are
+always recursive.
+
+You may want to look at the other synchronisation devices
+available in the library, such as condition variables or
+read-write locks.
+
+Ross
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32?
+---
+
+A 6
+---
+Once you've followed Thomas Pfaff's instructions below to fix
+Mingw32, then you can simply run "make" to build the library and dll.
+
+
+From - Sat Dec 9 22:56:10 2000
+From: "Thomas Pfaff" <tpfaff@gmx.net>
+To: <mingw-users@lists.sourceforge.net>, <pthreads-win32@sources.redhat.com>
+Subject: mingw32 DLLs, threads and exceptions HOWTO
+Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2000 11:12:43 +0100
+
+Dear all,
+
+this is a summary that should help users to have thread safe exception
+handling over DLL exported functions.
+If you don't care about c++ exceptions you can stop reading here.
+
+The first time i struggled with c++ exceptions was when i tried to throw an
+exception in a dll exported function where the exception handler resides in
+the program module.
+Instead of catching the exception the program stopped with an abnormal
+termination.
+The reason was that the exception code is in libgcc.a. Since this is a
+static library the code and some static variables are both in the dll and in
+the program module, each module runs in its own context.
+It was Franco Bez that pointed me in the right direction, that is convert
+libgcc.a into a dll.
+
+That done i tried to build the pthreads-win32 library, but some tests failed
+with an access violation. Due to the fact that the dll was not build
+was -mthreads support, eh_context_static instead of eh_context_specific (the
+mthreads version) was used for exception handling.
+I did a rebuild of the gcc dll with -mthreads, now all tests are passed
+(except a nonportable exception test that relies on a MSVC feature).
+
+To build the gcc dll i did the following steps.
+
+1. create a temporary directory libgcc
+2. copy libgcc.a from gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 to that
+directory
+3. ar -x libgcc.a
+4. create a directory tmp and move __main.o, _exit.o and __dummy.o in that
+directory
+5. build the dll
+gcc -shared -mthreads -o gcc.dll *.o
+strip gcc.dll
+Move this dll into your gcc\bin directory
+6. Move _chkstk.o and frame.o to the tmp directory, otherwise you break the
+builtin alloca.
+7. Build the import library libgcc.a
+dllwrap --export-all --dllname=gcc.dll --output-def=libgcc.def --output-lib=
+libgcc.a *.o
+ar -q libgcc.a tmp/*.o
+strip --strip-debug libgcc.a
+ranlib libgcc.a
+8. save your old libgcc.a, copy the new libgcc.a into
+gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2
+
+I am using gcc-2.95.2-1 with Mumits patched binutils-19990818-1and msvcrt
+runtime-2000-03-27.
+I don't know if this is still required with the current binutils and gcc
+since i have seen no sources until now.
+
+I believe that these steps are at least necessary if you are trying to use
+the pthreads-win32 library (which is required if you want to use gtk+ on
+win32).
+They will make mingw32 a real replacement for MSVC (at least for me).
+
+What is left:
+
+1. Include the mingwm10.dll function into the gcc.dll to have only one dll
+left.
+2. make -mthreads and -fnative-struct default compiler options.
+3. convert libstdc++ to a dll by adding the declspec dllexport and dllimport
+to every class definition.
+
+Regards,
+ Thomas
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
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