From c0213061007623b777f64c7d6a7b26f8c71a7929 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: rpj Date: Sun, 3 Jun 2001 16:47:42 +0000 Subject: Updated. --- FAQ | 773 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------------- 1 file changed, 390 insertions(+), 383 deletions(-) (limited to 'FAQ') diff --git a/FAQ b/FAQ index 5d19b86..44ae761 100644 --- a/FAQ +++ b/FAQ @@ -1,383 +1,390 @@ - ========================================= - PTHREADS-WIN32 Frequently Asked Questions - ========================================= - -INDEX ------ - -Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment? - -Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get - memory access violations? - -Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0) - -Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why? - -Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock - -Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32? - -============================================================================= - -Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment? ---- - -A 1 ---- -Important: see Q2 also. - -In short, use Mingw32 with the MSVCRT library to build applications that use -the DLL. Cygwin's own internal support for POSIX threads is growing. Consult -that project's documentation for more information. - -Date: Mon, 07 Dec 1998 15:11:37 +0100 -From: Anders Norlander -To: Ross Johnson -Cc: pthreads-win32 -Subject: Re: pthreads-win32: TryEnterCriticalSection patch (fwd) - -Ross Johnson wrote: -> -> Anders, -> -> You said you're using GCC. Is that from cygwin32 or mingw32? What is your -> environment (so I can perhaps help other people out)? We have problems -> with cygwin32 et al that have been built on Win95. They're missing -> _{begin,end}threadex. - -Ross, - -I use mingw32 when compiling pthreads-win32, but unlike most people I -use MSVCRT as the C library instead of CRTDLL. For those that don't -feel like configuring and building the necessary components themselves, -Mumit Khan has released an add on for mingw32 to make it use MSVCRT40. -It is available at his ftp site, follow the minw32 links at -http://www.xraylith.wisc.edu/~khan/software/gnu-win32/ - -For cygwin it is a completely different matter. I suppose -pthreads-win32 uses _beginthreadex and _endthreadex because the Win32 -docs say that programs calling functions in the C library should not -use CreateThread and ExitThread. However, this applies only to -Microsoft's (and possibly others) multithreaded C libraries that need -to keep track of per thread data, it does not apply to cygwin. -This code solves the problem: - -/* Check for old and new versions of cygwin */ -#if defined(__CYGWIN32__) || defined(__CYGWIN__) -/* Macro uses args so we can cast start_proc to LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE - in order to avoid warnings because of return type */ -#define _beginthreadex(security, stack_size, start_proc, arg, flags, -pid) \ -CreateThread(security, stack_size, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) start_proc, -\ - arg, flags, pid) -#define _endthreadex ExitThread -#endif - -I would be extremely careful using threads with cygwin, since it is -not (yet) threadsafe. - -Regards, -Anders - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get ---- memory access violations (segfaults)? - -A 2 ---- -Note: -The latest Mingw32 package has thread-safe exception handling. -Make sure you also read A 6 below to get a fully working build. - -The following email exchange describes the problem. Until this issue -is resolved people without the Microsoft compiler can obtain the current -MSVC prebuilt DLL (pthread.{dll,lib,h}) at: - -ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/pthreads-win32/dll-latest - -Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1999 13:21:01 -0000 -From: "Ruland, Kevin" -Reply-To: POSIX threads on Win32 -To: 'POSIX threads on Win32' -Subject: Mingw32 exceptions not thread safe. - -Hello everyone. - -I asked Mumit Khan, maintainer of egcs for mingw and assorted guru, about -the Known Problem listed below. - -> Known problems -> -------------- -> -> There is an unresolved bug which shows up as a segmentation fault -> (memory access violation) when the library is built using g++. Build -> the test program "eyal1.c" and run with an argument of "2" or -> greater. The argument is the number of threads to run, excluding the -> main thread, so the bug appears with 2 or more worker threads. -> -> Kevin Ruland has traced the exception to the try/catch blocks in -> ptw32_threadStart(). -> - -The official word is: - - -EGCS-1.1.1 for win32 (either cygwin or crtdll/msvc runtimes) do not have -thread-safe exception support. - -For Cygwin, it'll happen when Cygwin runtime has mature thread safety and -pthread is fully integrated. Then it's just a matter of rebuilding GCC (or -just libgcc in this) with thread safe EH support. - -For Mingw crtdll/msvc, someone needs to write the thread-wrapper for win32 -threads. Anyone who knows win32 threads should be able to do this without -much trouble at all. It's low on my priority list, so unless someone else -volunteers, it'll have to wait. -<\Quote> - -Kevin - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0) ---- - -A 3 ---- -> -> I'm a "rookie" when it comes to your pthread implementation. I'm currently -> desperately trying to install the prebuilt .dll file into my MSVC compiler. -> Could you please provide me with explicit instructions on how to do this (or -> direct me to a resource(s) where I can acquire such information)? -> -> Thank you, -> - -You should have a .dll, .lib, .def, and three .h files. - -The .dll can go in any directory listed in your PATH environment -variable, so putting it into C:\WINDOWS should work. - -The .lib file can go in any directory listed in your LIB environment -variable. - -The .h files can go in any directory listed in your INCLUDE -environment variable. - -Or you might prefer to put the .lib and .h files into a new directory -and add its path to LIB and INCLUDE. You can probably do this easiest -by editing the file:- - -C:\Program Files\DevStudio\vc\bin\vcvars32.bat - -The .def file isn't used by anything in the pre-compiled version but -is included for information. - -Cheers. -Ross - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why? ---- - -A 4 ---- -> I'm investigating a problem regarding thread cancelation. The thread I want -> to cancel has PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, however, this piece of code -> blocks on the join(): -> -> if ((retv = Pthread_cancel( recvThread )) == 0) -> { -> retv = Pthread_join( recvThread, 0 ); -> } -> -> Pthread_* are just macro's; they call pthread_*. -> -> The thread recvThread seems to block on a select() call. It doesn't get -> cancelled. -> -> Two questions: -> -> 1) is this normal behaviour? -> -> 2) if not, how does the cancel mechanism work? I'm not very familliar to -> win32 programming, so I don't really understand how the *Event() family of -> calls work. - -Async cancelation should be in versions post snapshot-1999-11-02 -of pthreads-win32 (currently only for x86 architectures). - -The answer to your first question is, normal POSIX behaviour would -be to asynchronously cancel the thread. However, even that doesn't -guarantee cancelation as the standard only says it should be -cancelled as soon as possible. - -However ... - -Snapshot 99-11-02 or earlier only partially supports asynchronous cancellation. -If the thread you're trying to cancel is blocked (for instance, it could be -waiting for data from the network), it will only get cancelled when it unblocks -(when the data arrives). Unfortunately, there is no way to do so from -outside the thread. - -Using deferred cancelation would normally be the way to go, however, -even though the POSIX threads standard lists a number of C library -functions that are defined as deferred cancelation points, there is -no hookup between those which are provided by Windows and the -pthreads-win32 library. - -Incidently, it's worth noting for code portability that the POSIX -threads standard list doesn't include "select" because (as I read in -Butenhof) it isn't recognised by POSIX. - -Effectively, the only cancelation points that pthreads-win32 can -recognise are those the library implements itself, ie. - - pthread_testcancel - pthread_cond_wait - pthread_cond_timedwait - pthread_join - sem_wait - pthread_delay_np - -Pthreads-win32 also provides two functions that allow you to create -cancelation points within your application, but only for cases where -a thread is going to block on a Win32 handle. These are: - - pthreadCancelableWait(HANDLE waitHandle) /* Infinite wait */ - - pthreadCancelableTimedWait(HANDLE waitHandle, DWORD timeout) - -Regards. -Ross - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock ---- - -A 5 ---- -> i was testing this pthread for win32 in my prog. -> when i checked if it was blocking mutex_lock calls, i was surprised when it -> didnt lock -> -> pthread_mutex_t DBlock; -> -> pthread_mutex_init( &DBlock, NULL ); -> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock ); -> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock ); -> -> ^^ these two calls didnt block - -POSIX leaves the result "undefined" for a thread that tries -to recursively lock the same mutex (one that it owns already). -That means the actual semantics are left up to the -implementation, but should not be relied upon for code that -will be ported to different POSIX threads implementations. - -In the pthreads-win32 implementation a thread won't deadlock -itself by relocking the mutex. Subsequent calls to -pthread_mutex_lock() as in your example above increment -the lock count but the thread continues on. Consequently, -the thread must ensure that it unlocks the mutex once for -each lock operation. That is, pthreads-win32 mutexes are -always recursive. - -You may want to look at the other synchronisation devices -available in the library, such as condition variables or -read-write locks. - -Ross - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32? ---- - -A 6 ---- -Once you've followed Thomas Pfaff's instructions below to fix -Mingw32, then you can simply run "make" to build the library and dll. - - -From - Sat Dec 9 22:56:10 2000 -From: "Thomas Pfaff" -To: , -Subject: mingw32 DLLs, threads and exceptions HOWTO -Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2000 11:12:43 +0100 - -Dear all, - -this is a summary that should help users to have thread safe exception -handling over DLL exported functions. -If you don't care about c++ exceptions you can stop reading here. - -The first time i struggled with c++ exceptions was when i tried to throw an -exception in a dll exported function where the exception handler resides in -the program module. -Instead of catching the exception the program stopped with an abnormal -termination. -The reason was that the exception code is in libgcc.a. Since this is a -static library the code and some static variables are both in the dll and in -the program module, each module runs in its own context. -It was Franco Bez that pointed me in the right direction, that is convert -libgcc.a into a dll. - -That done i tried to build the pthreads-win32 library, but some tests failed -with an access violation. Due to the fact that the dll was not build -was -mthreads support, eh_context_static instead of eh_context_specific (the -mthreads version) was used for exception handling. -I did a rebuild of the gcc dll with -mthreads, now all tests are passed -(except a nonportable exception test that relies on a MSVC feature). - -To build the gcc dll i did the following steps. - -1. create a temporary directory libgcc -2. copy libgcc.a from gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 to that -directory -3. ar -x libgcc.a -4. create a directory tmp and move __main.o, _exit.o and __dummy.o in that -directory -5. build the dll -gcc -shared -mthreads -o gcc.dll *.o -strip gcc.dll -Move this dll into your gcc\bin directory -6. Move _chkstk.o and frame.o to the tmp directory, otherwise you break the -builtin alloca. -7. Build the import library libgcc.a -dllwrap --export-all --dllname=gcc.dll --output-def=libgcc.def --output-lib= -libgcc.a *.o -ar -q libgcc.a tmp/*.o -strip --strip-debug libgcc.a -ranlib libgcc.a -8. save your old libgcc.a, copy the new libgcc.a into -gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 - -I am using gcc-2.95.2-1 with Mumits patched binutils-19990818-1and msvcrt -runtime-2000-03-27. -I don't know if this is still required with the current binutils and gcc -since i have seen no sources until now. - -I believe that these steps are at least necessary if you are trying to use -the pthreads-win32 library (which is required if you want to use gtk+ on -win32). -They will make mingw32 a real replacement for MSVC (at least for me). - -What is left: - -1. Include the mingwm10.dll function into the gcc.dll to have only one dll -left. -2. make -mthreads and -fnative-struct default compiler options. -3. convert libstdc++ to a dll by adding the declspec dllexport and dllimport -to every class definition. - -Regards, - Thomas - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - + ========================================= + PTHREADS-WIN32 Frequently Asked Questions + ========================================= + +INDEX +----- + +Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment? + +Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get + memory access violations? + +Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0) + +Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why? + +Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock + +Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32? + +============================================================================= + +Q 1 Should I use Cygwin or Mingw32 as a development environment? +--- + +A 1 +--- +Important: see Q2 also. + +In short, use Mingw32 with the MSVCRT library to build applications that use +the DLL. Cygwin's own internal support for POSIX threads is growing. Consult +that project's documentation for more information. + +Date: Mon, 07 Dec 1998 15:11:37 +0100 +From: Anders Norlander +To: Ross Johnson +Cc: pthreads-win32 +Subject: Re: pthreads-win32: TryEnterCriticalSection patch (fwd) + +Ross Johnson wrote: +> +> Anders, +> +> You said you're using GCC. Is that from cygwin32 or mingw32? What is your +> environment (so I can perhaps help other people out)? We have problems +> with cygwin32 et al that have been built on Win95. They're missing +> _{begin,end}threadex. + +Ross, + +I use mingw32 when compiling pthreads-win32, but unlike most people I +use MSVCRT as the C library instead of CRTDLL. For those that don't +feel like configuring and building the necessary components themselves, +Mumit Khan has released an add on for mingw32 to make it use MSVCRT40. +It is available at his ftp site, follow the minw32 links at +http://www.xraylith.wisc.edu/~khan/software/gnu-win32/ + +For cygwin it is a completely different matter. I suppose +pthreads-win32 uses _beginthreadex and _endthreadex because the Win32 +docs say that programs calling functions in the C library should not +use CreateThread and ExitThread. However, this applies only to +Microsoft's (and possibly others) multithreaded C libraries that need +to keep track of per thread data, it does not apply to cygwin. +This code solves the problem: + +/* Check for old and new versions of cygwin */ +#if defined(__CYGWIN32__) || defined(__CYGWIN__) +/* Macro uses args so we can cast start_proc to LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE + in order to avoid warnings because of return type */ +#define _beginthreadex(security, stack_size, start_proc, arg, flags, +pid) \ +CreateThread(security, stack_size, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE) start_proc, +\ + arg, flags, pid) +#define _endthreadex ExitThread +#endif + +I would be extremely careful using threads with cygwin, since it is +not (yet) threadsafe. + +Regards, +Anders + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Q 2 Now that pthreads-win32 builds under Mingw32, why do I get +--- memory access violations (segfaults)? + +A 2 +--- +Note: issue resolved. +The latest Mingw32 package has thread-safe exception handling. +Make sure you also read A 6 below to get a fully working build. + + +The following email exchange describes the problem. Until this issue +is resolved people without the Microsoft compiler can obtain the current +MSVC prebuilt DLL (pthread.{dll,lib,h}) at: + +ftp://sources.redhat.com/pub/pthreads-win32/dll-latest + +Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1999 13:21:01 -0000 +From: "Ruland, Kevin" +Reply-To: POSIX threads on Win32 +To: 'POSIX threads on Win32' +Subject: Mingw32 exceptions not thread safe. + +Hello everyone. + +I asked Mumit Khan, maintainer of egcs for mingw and assorted guru, about +the Known Problem listed below. + +> Known problems +> -------------- +> +> There is an unresolved bug which shows up as a segmentation fault +> (memory access violation) when the library is built using g++. Build +> the test program "eyal1.c" and run with an argument of "2" or +> greater. The argument is the number of threads to run, excluding the +> main thread, so the bug appears with 2 or more worker threads. +> +> Kevin Ruland has traced the exception to the try/catch blocks in +> ptw32_threadStart(). +> + +The official word is: + + +EGCS-1.1.1 for win32 (either cygwin or crtdll/msvc runtimes) do not have +thread-safe exception support. + +For Cygwin, it'll happen when Cygwin runtime has mature thread safety and +pthread is fully integrated. Then it's just a matter of rebuilding GCC (or +just libgcc in this) with thread safe EH support. + +For Mingw crtdll/msvc, someone needs to write the thread-wrapper for win32 +threads. Anyone who knows win32 threads should be able to do this without +much trouble at all. It's low on my priority list, so unless someone else +volunteers, it'll have to wait. +<\Quote> + +Kevin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Q 3 How do I use pthread.dll for Win32 (Visual C++ 5.0) +--- + +A 3 +--- +> +> I'm a "rookie" when it comes to your pthread implementation. I'm currently +> desperately trying to install the prebuilt .dll file into my MSVC compiler. +> Could you please provide me with explicit instructions on how to do this (or +> direct me to a resource(s) where I can acquire such information)? +> +> Thank you, +> + +You should have a .dll, .lib, .def, and three .h files. + +The .dll can go in any directory listed in your PATH environment +variable, so putting it into C:\WINDOWS should work. + +The .lib file can go in any directory listed in your LIB environment +variable. + +The .h files can go in any directory listed in your INCLUDE +environment variable. + +Or you might prefer to put the .lib and .h files into a new directory +and add its path to LIB and INCLUDE. You can probably do this easiest +by editing the file:- + +C:\Program Files\DevStudio\vc\bin\vcvars32.bat + +The .def file isn't used by anything in the pre-compiled version but +is included for information. + +Cheers. +Ross + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Q 4 Cancelation doesn't work for me, why? +--- + +A 4 +--- +> I'm investigating a problem regarding thread cancelation. The thread I want +> to cancel has PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS, however, this piece of code +> blocks on the join(): +> +> if ((retv = Pthread_cancel( recvThread )) == 0) +> { +> retv = Pthread_join( recvThread, 0 ); +> } +> +> Pthread_* are just macro's; they call pthread_*. +> +> The thread recvThread seems to block on a select() call. It doesn't get +> cancelled. +> +> Two questions: +> +> 1) is this normal behaviour? +> +> 2) if not, how does the cancel mechanism work? I'm not very familliar to +> win32 programming, so I don't really understand how the *Event() family of +> calls work. + +Async cancelation should be in versions post snapshot-1999-11-02 +of pthreads-win32 (currently only for x86 architectures). + +The answer to your first question is, normal POSIX behaviour would +be to asynchronously cancel the thread. However, even that doesn't +guarantee cancelation as the standard only says it should be +cancelled as soon as possible. + +However ... + +Snapshot 99-11-02 or earlier only partially supports asynchronous cancellation. +Snapshots since then simulate async cancelation by poking the address of +a cancelation routine into the PC of the threads context. This requires +the thread to be resumed in some way for the cancelation to actually +proceed. This is not true async cancelation, but it is as close as we've +been able to get to it. + +If the thread you're trying to cancel is blocked (for instance, it could be +waiting for data from the network), it will only get cancelled when it unblocks +(when the data arrives). Unfortunately, there is no way to do so from +outside the thread. + +Using deferred cancelation would normally be the way to go, however, +even though the POSIX threads standard lists a number of C library +functions that are defined as deferred cancelation points, there is +no hookup between those which are provided by Windows and the +pthreads-win32 library. + +Incidently, it's worth noting for code portability that the POSIX +threads standard list doesn't include "select" because (as I read in +Butenhof) it isn't part of POSIX. + +Effectively, the only cancelation points that pthreads-win32 can +recognise are those the library implements itself, ie. + + pthread_testcancel + pthread_cond_wait + pthread_cond_timedwait + pthread_join + sem_wait + pthread_delay_np + +Pthreads-win32 also provides two functions that allow you to create +cancelation points within your application, but only for cases where +a thread is going to block on a Win32 handle. These are: + + pthreadCancelableWait(HANDLE waitHandle) /* Infinite wait */ + + pthreadCancelableTimedWait(HANDLE waitHandle, DWORD timeout) + +Regards. +Ross + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Q 5 Thread won't block after two calls to mutex_lock +--- + +A 5 +--- +> i was testing this pthread for win32 in my prog. +> when i checked if it was blocking mutex_lock calls, i was surprised when it +> didnt lock +> +> pthread_mutex_t DBlock; +> +> pthread_mutex_init( &DBlock, NULL ); +> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock ); +> pthread_mutex_lock( &DBlock ); +> +> ^^ these two calls didnt block + +POSIX leaves the result "undefined" for a thread that tries +to recursively lock the same mutex (one that it owns already). +That means the actual semantics are left up to the +implementation, but should not be relied upon for code that +will be ported to different POSIX threads implementations. + +In the pthreads-win32 implementation a thread won't deadlock +itself by relocking the mutex. Subsequent calls to +pthread_mutex_lock() as in your example above increment +the lock count but the thread continues on. Consequently, +the thread must ensure that it unlocks the mutex once for +each lock operation. That is, pthreads-win32 mutexes are +always recursive. + +You may want to look at the other synchronisation devices +available in the library, such as condition variables or +read-write locks. + +Ross + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Q 6 How do I generate pthreadGCE.dll and libpthreadw32.a for use with Mingw32? +--- + +A 6 +--- +Once you've followed Thomas Pfaff's instructions below to fix +Mingw32, then you can simply run "make" to build the library and dll. + + +From - Sat Dec 9 22:56:10 2000 +From: "Thomas Pfaff" +To: , +Subject: mingw32 DLLs, threads and exceptions HOWTO +Date: Thu, 7 Dec 2000 11:12:43 +0100 + +Dear all, + +this is a summary that should help users to have thread safe exception +handling over DLL exported functions. +If you don't care about c++ exceptions you can stop reading here. + +The first time i struggled with c++ exceptions was when i tried to throw an +exception in a dll exported function where the exception handler resides in +the program module. +Instead of catching the exception the program stopped with an abnormal +termination. +The reason was that the exception code is in libgcc.a. Since this is a +static library the code and some static variables are both in the dll and in +the program module, each module runs in its own context. +It was Franco Bez that pointed me in the right direction, that is convert +libgcc.a into a dll. + +That done i tried to build the pthreads-win32 library, but some tests failed +with an access violation. Due to the fact that the dll was not build +was -mthreads support, eh_context_static instead of eh_context_specific (the +mthreads version) was used for exception handling. +I did a rebuild of the gcc dll with -mthreads, now all tests are passed +(except a nonportable exception test that relies on a MSVC feature). + +To build the gcc dll i did the following steps. + +1. create a temporary directory libgcc +2. copy libgcc.a from gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 to that +directory +3. ar -x libgcc.a +4. create a directory tmp and move __main.o, _exit.o and __dummy.o in that +directory +5. build the dll +gcc -shared -mthreads -o gcc.dll *.o +strip gcc.dll +Move this dll into your gcc\bin directory +6. Move _chkstk.o and frame.o to the tmp directory, otherwise you break the +builtin alloca. +7. Build the import library libgcc.a +dllwrap --export-all --dllname=gcc.dll --output-def=libgcc.def --output-lib= +libgcc.a *.o +ar -q libgcc.a tmp/*.o +strip --strip-debug libgcc.a +ranlib libgcc.a +8. save your old libgcc.a, copy the new libgcc.a into +gcc-2.95.2\lib\gcc-lib\i386-mingw32\gcc-2.95.2 + +I am using gcc-2.95.2-1 with Mumits patched binutils-19990818-1and msvcrt +runtime-2000-03-27. +I don't know if this is still required with the current binutils and gcc +since i have seen no sources until now. + +I believe that these steps are at least necessary if you are trying to use +the pthreads-win32 library (which is required if you want to use gtk+ on +win32). +They will make mingw32 a real replacement for MSVC (at least for me). + +What is left: + +1. Include the mingwm10.dll function into the gcc.dll to have only one dll +left. +2. make -mthreads and -fnative-struct default compiler options. +3. convert libstdc++ to a dll by adding the declspec dllexport and dllimport +to every class definition. + +Regards, + Thomas + +------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + -- cgit v1.2.3